Theories of Counselling Essay

“Psychoanalytic therapy is based mostly on penetration. unconscious motive & A ; Reconstruction of the personality” Corey ( 2013. pg ) As draw a bead oning counselors and clinical psychologists it is of import to familiarise ourselves with the mainstream curative attacks. No theories are considered “right” or “wrong” although there are better suited therapies for some persons & A ; therapies that can be successfully integrated. This essay will be concentrating on one humanistic theory ( Person Centered Therapy ) One Post Modern attack ( Solution Focused Brief Therapy ) and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.

Furthermore. it will be looking at the advantages and disadvantages in the integrating of therapies. Person Centered Therapy ( PCT ) Unlike many other reding attacks. who view the healers as the premier facilitator for alteration. Carl Rogers believed that as human beings we are more than capable of understanding ourselves and deciding our ain jobs without direct intercessions from a healer. He believed that we are capable of self-growth and alteration if we are involved in a specific sort of curative relationship. Corey ( 2013. pg. 60 ) Although the chief beginning of successful psychotherapeutics is the client. it is critical that the healer have a genuine. empathetic apprehension of the clients interior universe and has the ability to pass on a nonjudgmental stance to the client in order to construct an effectual curative relationship. 1 that will ease the client to research and use their inner and outer resources. Corey ( 2013. pg. 162 ) PCT aims to authorise and promote independency in the client by assisting clients to specify and clear up their ain ends. Its chief focal point is to supply the client with the ability to get by with and place jobs.

This can be achieved through the curative relationship and the therapist’s ability to understand sensitively and accurately the client’s experience and feelings in the here-and-now and to pass on to them that the healer understands what they are experiencing. ( Empathy ) Cepeda. Lisa M. ; Davenport. Donna S. ( 2006 ) The healer may non O.K. of some of the client’s actions but the healer does O.K. of the client and should be careful to ever keep a positive attitude towards the client ( Unconditional positive respect ) .

Rogers ( 1959 ) Disadvantages to PCT Although it is critical that the client experiences the therapist’s indispensable humanity and experience their emotional engagement ( congruity ) . it is of import for the Therapist to stay steadfastly in touch with their ain experiences and emotions during therapy and to put aside their ain values and attitudes as they may impede advancement with their client. This can be really ambitious as we are all human existences with our ain set of values and attitudes. some of which we are cognizant of and others which we are non.

Other restrictions to PCT could include the therapist going so dogmatic in application of brooding attack that they fail to be existent with client & A ; annoy them by reiterating their words in an effort to do brooding statements. PCT besides focuses on present and future instead than issues from the clients past which could be of some significance. PCT could besides be hindered with clients who have trouble jointing their feelings as PCT is a signifier of speaking psychotherapeutics in which the healer takes a non-directing function.

Cognitive behavioral Therapy ( CBT ) CBT focuses on assisting clients to understand their ain ideas ( cognitive ) and emotions that influence their behavior. It is by and large short term and most commonly references specific jobs. CBT is a gradual procedure and is viewed as a “reeducating” attack. CBT begins with an purpose to learn ( or reeducate ) clients in how to place and alter destructive and upseting idea forms that result in negative behaviors.

It is considered effectual in handling many people with psychological upsets. peculiarly depressive. anxiousness. and sexual upsets that have been found to expose maladaptive premises and ideas. McLeod. S. A. ( 2008 ) . Clients larn how to use logical thought. take part in experiential exercisings and carry out behavioral prep as a manner to convey about alteration. Once a client can place destructive thought and the emotions associated. the therapy focuses on the existent behavior themselves that are lending the job at manus. This can be addressed through the client’s prep.

For illustration. person who is dying in societal state of affairss may be set a prep assignment to run into a friend at a public topographic point for a drink. Disadvantages to CBT Although CBT has been proven successful in clients who suffer from depression and anxiousness it may non be the best therapy option for people enduring encephalon unwellnesss or diseases that impair rational thought. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. ( 2008 ) CBT requires the Clients regard and committedness to therapy. There is a batch of “homework” and if this in non completed. the client will most probably be disappointed with the therapy result.

CBT besides requires a strong curative relationship and if this is non achieved. therapy will be unsuccessful. Although CBT is considered comparatively short term it is non a “quick fix” and clients should be made cognizant that it may take a significant sum of clip to get the better of unhealthy thought forms. Some Clients may besides fight as although they recognize that certain ideas are irrational or unhealthy. it does non do it any easier to halt holding them. Again. get the better ofing this can be achieved through the prep techniques.

Solution Focused Brief Therapy ( SFBT ) “Solution Focused Therapy is a doctrine. non a aggregation of techniques”Eve Lipchik. ( 1997 ) SFBT evolved from the work of Steve De Shazer and Insoo Berg at the Brief Family Therapy Centre in Wisconsin. It is a short term therapy attack and focal points on solutions. It is goal-orientated. instead than job focused. The cardinal doctrine of SFBT can be summed up in three regulations of pollex: Rule 1: If it isn’t broken. don’t hole it. Rule 2: If it’s working. maintain making it.

Rule 3: If it’s non working. seek something different. Berg & A ; Miller. p. 17. ( 1992 ) Similar to CBT. The work that the client continues to make outside the guidance office is merely every bit of import as work done with the healer. Furthermore. it allows clients to take duty for altering their ain behavior. Goals are identified early on and because of this. both client and counselor know what success will look like and can more easy place when therapy is no longer needed. The Miracle Question aims to let the Client to visualise an ideal hereafter and link it to the present.

Clients are challenged to look past their obstructions and hopelessness and concentrate on the possibilities- to turn to precisely what the client wants. non what the therapist thinks is best. The inquiry is frequently structured like this ; “Suppose that when we finish this conversation and you leave the room at the terminal of today’s activity you go to kip. While you are asleep a miracle happens. and the miracle is that the job which brought you here is solved. However. because this happened while you were asleep you don’t cognize how the miracle happened.

So when you wake up in the forenoon what will be the first things you notice that Tell you that thismiracle has happened? ” ( De Shazer. 1988 ) Since. by definition. SFBT is brief. it may be less expensive than other signifiers of therapy that traditionally require more Sessionss over a longer period of clip. SFBT is flexible and easy adaptable. It can besides be easy integrated with other signifiers of therapy. Disadvantages to SFBT The healer can be accused of ignoring anything negative. and supplying excessively much congratulations towards the client.

It is of import for the healer to cognize when and how to give the Client positive feedback. It has been referred to as “Solution Forced Therapy” due to the belief that therapist force per unit area Clients to discourse merely the positives and maintain many of their ailments to themselves in the presence of the Therapist. Efran and Schenker. ( 1993 ) It may non adequately address clients with serious mental issues. personality upsets and impaired cognitive maps. Given the length of SFBT. It may non let clip to develop the counselor/client relationship in adequate deepness to be curative.

SFBT is most dissimilar to more traditional therapy manners in footings of underlying doctrine and premises with any attack which requires “working through” or intensive focal point on a job to decide it. or any attack which is chiefly focused on the yesteryear instead than the present or future. Finally. it is a misconception that SFBT is philosophically opposed to traditional therapy interventions. If a client is in traditional intervention or has been in the yesteryear and it has helped. he or she is encouraged to go on making what is working.

As such. SFBT could be used in add-on to or as a constituent of a comprehensive intervention plan. Integration Person-Centered Therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy and Solution focused brief therapy are similar in that each therapy views the Client as the chief provoker for alteration. They each purpose to assist the Client move frontward with increased self-awareness and the accomplishments to get by with future jobs. Examples of Successfully incorporate attacks An illustration of effectual integrating exists in Cepeda and Davenport ( 2006 ) roposal of the integrating of person-centered therapy. with its focal point on the here and now of client consciousness of ego. and SFBT. with its future-oriented techniques that besides raise consciousness of client potencies. Although the two theories hold different premises sing the therapist’s function in easing client alteration. it is suggested that solution-focused techniques are frequently compatible for usage within a person-centered attack. In add-on. Cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) and Person-Centered Therapy ( PCT ) have been shown to convey about positive alterations in therapy.

CBT and PCT. like all single-theory attacks. have restrictions. Literature suggests that when the change-producing techniques of CBT and PCT are combined and applied. guidance is more effectual. Josefowitz & A ; Myran. 2005 ; Tursi & A ; Cochran. 2006. The strength of CBT is its accent on procedure and action ( i. e. end puting. collaborative action. etc. ) . but it has been criticized for its small accent on developing a strong curative relationship. The strength of PCT is its accent on the curative relationship between the client and counselor but it has been criticized as missing in construction.

By uniting CBT and PCT. we will non merely be supplying the Client with construction but will be making an environment in which the Client feels free to pass on openly and efficaciously. Guterman & A ; Rudes ( 2005. p. 224. ) Integration & A ; Multiculturalism We live in a multicultural society. Contemporary Theories have small pertinence in working with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore. it can be harmful when a healer expects that their clients will suit into a given theory as these have restrictions when applied to culturally diverse populations.

The Clients cultural values may non be consistent with the values espoused by the theories. Corey. 2013. pg 426 Therefore. integrating allows the healer to suit a combination of techniques to the alone demands of the single client- whether they encompass societal. cultural. religious or political dimensions or a combination of these. Integration & A ; Spirituality Spirituality and faith shape many of our values and this should be taken into consideration when constructing and incorporate attack. Both faith neodymium reding aid people to inquire inquiries that will help them in happening significance and detecting who they are. Both facilitate healing and hence will complement each other when successfully integrated. guaranting all of the client demands are met. Challenges When taking into consideration an individual’s civilization and spiritualty. it is of import we monitor our ain beliefs and be careful non to act upon a client to encompass or reject certain beliefs that we as healers. believe will be good or are no longer relevant to the client’s development.

Therapists may fight to divide their ain spiritual/religious beliefs and values to those of the client and this may make an unethical and even harmful environment for the client and therapy will most probably be unsuccessful. It is besides of import as counselors. to be cognizant of blending methods with incompatible implicit in premises. Blending different theories can ensue in confusion. Syncretism is a term used to specify when a healers deficiency of cognition and accomplishments in choosing intercessions. expressions for anything that might work. frequently doing small effort to find whether the curative processs are effectual.

Pulling different techniques from assorted therapy attacks without sound rationale consequences in syncretistic confusion and will most likely reflect the healers own prejudices and preconceived thoughts. Lazarus. 1996: Norcross & A ; Beutler ( 2011 ) Integrating Theories is an art signifier. Becoming a healer is non an easy journey. There is a great trade of work involved. including much self-introspection. experience. and preparation. Constructing your ain attack to psychotherapy is a womb-to-tomb procedure. In stating this. building an integrative attack to reding involves developing an extended cognition of all the bing therapies.

This can be clip devouring and overpowering for draw a bead oning counselors. therefore there is the statement that it may be easier to choose one or two attacks that complement the healer. hone them. and use these to all Clients. Just like it would be easier to hone a individual therapy method and use to it to all Clients. Carl Rogers did non show the PCT as a fixed and completed attack to therapy. He hoped that others would see his theory as a set of probationary rules associating to how the therapy procedure develops. non as tenet. Rogers expected is theoretical account to germinate and was unfastened and receptive to alter. Victor Frankyl reminds us that the psychotherapeutic procedure consists of a uninterrupted concatenation of improvisations. He goes on to state that the pick of appropriate intervention depends non merely on the individualism of the client but on the personality of the healer as good. and. the how the important bureau in psychotherapeutics is more about the relationship between the client and healer instead than on the methods used. Frankl ( 2006 )

In decision. I believe therapy attacks are non at that place for us to follow to a T. Each person is different. They have their ain history and set of values and beliefs. It is up to the healer to find from the relationship what sort of attack is best suited. By incorporating the theoretical accounts we are leting for a more holistic attack to therapy and are supplying ourselves with an eternal supply of resources and techniques. Integration will advance unfastened mindedness and impart itself to non merely bettering on mainstream therapy techniques but perchance make new attacks for an of all time altering society.