The experiment was conducted by comparing the ocular memory and the audio memory of male childs at the age of 17. The different variables that could impact the consequences during the experiment were tested in pre-test. The pre-test consequences revealed that the best clip interval for both the experiments would be three seconds between each word and each image. The two sets of experiments were so conducted. The ocular information was foremost tested where the trial participants were given a group of 15 random images placed into a slide show. Each image on a separate slide, with an interval of three seconds between each word. The participants were asked to seek to retrieve every bit many as possible and write so down one time the images were presented. The audio experiment was so conducted where by the trial participants were given a group of 15 words, different to those of the ocular experiment. The words were read out to the trial participants with an interval of three seconds between each word. All the information was recorded and the figure of words and images remembered was analysed.

The figure of images remembered was higher than that of the figure of words remembered. A T-test was conducted in order to cipher the significance between the sound and ocular experiment consequences. The consequences revealed that there was a important difference between the Audio and Visual experiment. It was concluded that:

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Ocular information is better remembered in male childs instead than audio information.

Ocular information is the memory that is stored in the encephalon as ocular memory. Audio information is memory that is stored in the encephalon as Audio information. Memory is the ability to remember information from the yesteryear. Either when it is from merely a few seconds ago or whether it is from more than a decennary ago. We use our memory in all fortunes of each twenty-four hours. Memory involves the encephalon in entering certain information. I chose to analyze whether ocular information is better remembered than audio information due to the educational and alteration facets. Many topics in our higher educational course of study require us to pay a huge sum of attending to detail. Therefore, lectors and instructors likewise must follow easy to understand learning methods. These jobs can be solved by instructors utilizing methods such as learning with diagrams and slide shows ( ocular memory ) or the methods of learning orally and explicating different constructs ( audio memory ) . This survey will besides be used to assist pupils, parents and school disposal in following different larning techniques.

However, what is ocular memory and what is audio memory?

“ Ocular memory is portion of memory continuing some features of our senses refering to ocular experience. ” This means that we are able to hive away ocular information that resembles objects workss or animate beings. Audio memory is the antonym of ocular memory. “ Audio memory is the ability to remember series of Numberss, lists of words, sentences, or paragraphs presented orally. ”

The experiment is designed to prove which method of acquisition is best for the consumption of information, either by Ocular information or by audio information. The best method of acquisition will be able to intake and remember the largest sum of information.

During the class of each twenty-four hours, there a figure of times when you need to retrieve a piece of information in your caput for merely a few seconds it could be possibly a diagram or a paragraph of information that you are seeking to retrieve in order to go through your biological science trial. In either of these fortunes, you are utilizing your short-run memory. Long-run memory is memory that can last up to a few yearss or even a few decennaries. “ Information is stored in your memory depending on the relevancy and the importance of the information. ”

The first type of memory that the encephalon uses to retrieve information is known as centripetal memory. Centripetal memory spends the shortest sum of clip in our memory Bankss. It normally records the information when we see, hear, or experience something. Our centripetal memory depicts an exact image of what we saw and does non treat or alter the information in any manner. The encephalon so decides weather the information that sent to our centripetal memory is of import or non. If the memory is non of import enough it is replaced with a new memory and is forgotten. However if the memory is of import enough it is sent to the following country of memory. However, most of our centripetal memory merely remains there for a few seconds.

Two parts of the encephalon are extremely associated with memory. The fist portion of the encephalon is the limbic system. This is where our memory begins. Two parts of the limbic system aid find where our memories will be placed in each portion of our encephalons. They are known as the amygdaloid nucleus and the hippocampus. “ The amygdaloid nucleus helps in sorting and hive awaying emotionally charged memories. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation, sorting information and bring forthing long-run memory. ”

The 2nd portion of the encephalon that is extremely associated with memory is the temporal lobe. “ The temporal lobe is located in the cerebrum that is known as the cerebral mantle of the encephalon. The temporal lobe is one of the four lobes that are located in the encephalon. The other lobes are known as the frontlet, parietal and occipital lobes. ” The chief map of the temporal lobe is the perceptual experience and acknowledgment of auditory stimulations, memory and address. The temporal lobe is split into two parts: the right lobe and left lobe. The right lobe is chiefly involved in ocular memory e.g. memory for images and faces. The left lobe is chiefly involved in verbal memory e.g. memory for words and names.

Many factors can impact the sum of information that each individual can intake through the footing of ocular and audio memory. Some of these factors include fatigue and sleep or strong emotions. Without the recommended sum of sleep your organic structure does non work at 100 % and hence all the information that you are seeking to draw out of your memory may be really hard to retrieve. Some of the best times to larn or to take a trial are early in the forenoon.

The drawn-out essay was an probe aimed at detecting the sum of information that could be remembered utilizing audio memory and utilizing ocular memory in male childs at the age of 17. The ground for utilizing lone males at the age of 17 is due to the high figure of males within the school at the age of 17. Using males at the age of 17 will supply a footing for a just experiment.

The attack used is:

A group of 10 male pupils aged 17s were asked to take part in an experiment. They were given a group of words that were read out to them and a group of images that were presented to them. They were than asked to retrieve every bit many as possible and compose them down. The consequences were so recorded.

The hypothesis was:

Ocular memory will be better remembered than the audio memory

This is because I believe that ocular memory is more effectual than the audio memory. I believe that the encephalon is better stimulated with ocular facets instead than the audio facets. Some of the ocular facets include the coloring material, size and the form of the image. The usage of bright colorss would excite the encephalon and hence do the encephalon to memorize the bright facet of the images instead than the words.

Procedure

PRE-TESTS FOR VISUAL AND AUDIO TIME INTERVALS

A pre-test was conducted to prove how much clip was to be allowed between each word and between each image. For the ocular experiment, the trial participants were given a group of 15 simple images such as a stapling machine or a pencil, which in bend are similar to those used in the audio experiment ( Appendix 1 ) . The images were presented to them on a slide show with an interval of three seconds per word. Each image had its ain slide.

Once all the words were presented to them the trial participants were asked to compose down the names of as many images they could retrieve. This pre-test was repeated at different clip intervals ( 1 second and 2 seconds ) with different sets of 15 images. The consequences were recorded and the best clip interval was found. The best clip interval was found by taking the experiment, which had the most images, and the most words remembered.

A pre-test was conducted with the audio information one time once more utilizing a different set of informations for the trial. This pre-test would besides be conducted with the same times as the ocular pre-test utilizing a different set of words every clip. ( Appendix 2 )

The findings from the pre-test show that best clip intervals for both the ocular experiment and the audio experiment would be three seconds between each slide for the ocular experiment and three seconds between each word for the audio experiment.

Preparation OF MATERIALS

For the ocular experiment, a readying for the experiment was conducted to fix all the names of the 15 objects ( Appendix 3 ) that would be used in the ocular trial. For the slide show, a image was collected for each name of objects and this was placed on a slide show. Each image on a separate slide. Each of the images was found utilizing Google images.

For the audio experiment, a different group of merely objects was collected and typed onto a spreadsheet. All the readying was done prior to the experiment. ( Appendix 4 )

In order to fix the schoolroom that the experiment would be carried out in, the desks were separated from each other by close to 2 metres and arranged in rows, each desk holding its ain chair.A projector was set up in order to show the images to the trial participant ‘s.

Sampling OF SUBJECTS

Before the experiment was carried out, a questionnaire was prepared ( Appendix 5 ) in order to take 10 trial participants suitably. All the male pupils were chosen based on age where the difference between the youngest and the oldest pupils was a upper limit of 6 months. However there was merely a seven pupils within this age class. A farther 3 pupils that were needed were chosen based on alphabetical order to guarantee that there was no favoritism.

THE EXPERIMENT

The group of 10 carefully selected males all at the age of 17 were asked to assist carry on an experiment about their sound and ocular memory. All the experiments were conducted at 10:20 to 10:45 in the forenoon. This is because this is the best clip for the pupils to be tested. This is due to the fact that the pupils are able to believe better, concentrate more easy every bit good as absorb more information in the forenoon as compared to the afternoon. The experiment was besides conducted at 10:20 in the forenoon so that there are no interventions with categories.

The 10 trial participants were given rigorous direction to non pass on with each other. For the first trial, the pupils were asked to watch the slide show of 15 images each image on a separate slide. Once this was complete, they were so asked to enter all of the objects that they could retrieve.

For the trial of the audio information, the pupils listened to a list of words that were read out to them. These words were one time once more different to that of the ocular information trial and with a clip interval of 3 seconds per word. The trial participants were given 15 words that were read out to them being every bit accurate as possible with the clip interval. The pupils would one time once more be asked to compose down every bit many words as they could retrieve.

DATA COLLECTION

RAW DATA

The natural information was summarised in the undermentioned series of tabular arraies:

Table 1: Image AND WORDS REMEMBERED

A

Trial

Trial Participant

Ocular experiment

Images remembered out of 15

Audio experiment

Wordss remembered out of 15

1

9

7

2

10

3

3

8

8

4

9

8

5

8

7

6

13

5

7

9

6

8

11

7

9

11

8

10

10

7

The tabular array above shows the consequences from the 10 participants. These consequences reflect the ocular and the audio experiment. In the ocular experiment column, the consequences show how many images the participant remembered. In the audio experiment column, the consequences show how many words the Participants remembered. From the informations above, it can be seen that more images were remembered as compared to words.

DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION

Average

Using the consequences from table 1, the mean figure of images and words remembered was calculated as follows:

The mean figure of images and words remembered is calculated by taking the amount of images from the ocular experiment ( 98 ) . The figure of trial participant ‘s ( 10 ) divides the amount of the images remembered. The deliberate norms show that the mean figure of images remembered was higher than the mean figure of words remembered.

For the ocular experiment For the audio experiment

9+10+8+9+8+13+9+11+11+10 = 98 7+3+8+8+7+5+6+7+8+7 = 66

10 10

98/10 = 9.8 Images 66/10 = 6.6 Wordss

Average Percentage

Using the information from Table 1, The per centum difference was calculated by taking 100 % and spliting this by the mean figure of replies possible ( 15 A- 10 = 150 ) . The entire figure of images or words remembered by all the participants ( 98 – ocular experiment ) ( 66 – audio experiment ) so multiplied this reply.

% of right replies ( Visual experiment ) =

A- 98 = 65.3 % 100

150

% of right replies ( Audio experiment ) =

A- 66 = 44 % 100

150

Percentage Difference

The minus below is a sum-up of the computations drawn above:

Percentage 65.3 %

= – 44.0 %

Difference 21.3 %

GRAPH 1: Average PERCENTAGE VISUAL AND AUDIO EXPERIMENT

The processed information was presented in the graph below:

Percentage ( % )

Percentage difference between ocular and audio experiment

21.3

The graph above shows the mean per centum of the Visual experiment and the audio experiment. The difference between the two sets of informations really large with a per centum difference of 21.3 % .

DATA ANALYSIS TABLE SHOWING THE DIFFERENCE IN RESULTS BETWEEN THE VISUAL AND AUDIO EXPERIMENTS

A

Trial

A

A

Trial topic

Ocular experiment

Audio experiment

Difference

Percentage Difference ( % )

1

9

7

2

13.3

2

10

3

7

46.7

3

8

8

0

0.0

4

9

8

1

6.7

5

8

7

1

6.7

6

13

5

8

53.3

7

9

6

3

20.0

8

11

7

4

26.7

9

11

8

3

20.0

10

10

7

3

20.0

A

A

A

A

A

Average

9.8

6.6

3.2

21.3

Average Percentages

65.3

44

21.1

A

The tabular array above shows the consequences of the difference between the ocular and audio experiment. The difference was calculated by taking the largest trial consequence for each participant between the ocular and the audio experiment and deducting the smaller value from the larger value.

T-TEST

Thought the above consequences show that more images were remembered in the ocular experiment than in the audio experiment, it is necessary to transport out a T-test to happen out if the difference is important between the Visual and the audio experiment.

The T-test was calculated by utilizing a Graphic show reckoner to obtain the P value, which is the chance of the two, sets of informations being the same. The critical value was taken to be 5 % ( 0.05 ) which is the general value used in most biology experiments:

If the P value is greater than 0.05, there is no important difference between the two sets of informations.

If the P value is less than 0.05, there is a important difference between the two sets of informations.

AUDIO AND VISUAL INFORMATION Trial:

The Null hypothesis: There is no important difference between ocular memory and audio memory.

The value of P was calculated and found to be:

P = 2.341595 ^-4

Critical Probability = 0.05

For the two sample T-test the P value was less than the Critical value, which shows that there was a important difference between the figure of images remembered in the ocular trial and the figure of words remembered in the audio trial.

Decision

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The mean figure of images that were remembered in the ocular experiment was calculated to be 9.8 images. The mean figure of words remembered was calculated to be 6.6 words. The norm of the ocular experiment and the norm of the audio experiment were converted into per centums. The deliberate per centum of the ocular experiment was 65.3 % and the deliberate per centum for the audio experiment was 44 % . Through the usage of the deliberate percentages a per centum difference was so found through deducting the audio experiment consequence from the ocular experiment result.. The deliberate per centum difference was 21.3 % . a farther T-Test was conducted in order to prove the significance between the ocular and the audio experiment. The P value was calculated to be 2.341595 ^-4 which is less than 0.05 ( the critical value ) . This shows that there is a important difference between the ocular experiment and the audio experiment.

From the above findings, it can be concluded that ocular information is better remembered than audio information in male child at the age of 17. This is because the figure of images remembered was higher than for the words remembered and the mean per centum for the ocular trial was higher than for the audio trial. The T-test consequences average conclude that the difference between the ocular information trial and audio information trial was important. Henceforth ocular information is better remembered than audio information in male child at the age of 17. This is likely because of the synapse in your encephalon. One factor that affects the strength of a memory is the strength of the synapse between the nervus cells associated with the memory. The more you pattern to believe about a piece of information stored in your encephalon the more that the peculiar synapse will be used. As the synapse is used more often it grows stronger, which allows the memory to go more graphic and clear in your head. This is one of the chief grounds why the clip infinite in between the images from the PowerPoint of the ocular experiment had to be the same as the clip spaces in between the words from the audio experiment.

The decisions agree with the hypothesis that ocular memory will be better remembered than audio memory. The usage of the images stimulates the encephalon to retrieve certain characteristics about the images used. An illustration of some of the characteristics that can be remembered in the images is the usage of the bright colorss. Certain attractive colorss in images allow the encephalon to hive away them in synapsis that are often used and that is how images are better remembered.

The audio information on the other manus does hold as much of an consequence on the encephalon as the ocular information. This is because words have no distinguishable characteristics that the encephalon can associate to, henceforth it is more hard for the encephalon to retrieve words that it is to retrieve images.

The portion of the encephalon that is involved in all of the memory is portion of the limbic system known as the Hippocampus. The hippocampus is the part of the intellectual hemis-sphere in portion of the temporal lobe. This portion of the encephalon is of import in memory and acquisition. However, the hippocampus is non the lone portion of the encephalon that is involved in memory. The Amygdala, which is besides located in the temporal lobe, is involved in memory and emotion.

Recommendation

Following from the consequences of the experiment recommendation can do for the instructor and the lectors in bettering the all unit of ammunition learning methods. Harmonizing to the consequences, instructors should seek to integrate the usage of images and coloring materials in their instruction methods aside from the usual drilling talks. The usage of images will assist in bettering the classs of the pupils, as the memory callback with images is much more efficient in the memory than the audio information.

Evaluation

There were assorted restrictions to this experiment. The first restriction was non acquiring adequate participants for both of the experiment. The deficiency of participants in the experiments can seen as a failing in this probe as if there were more participants that were involved in the experiment it would hold ensured that the decisions found in the consequences would hold been much more dependable than the consequences with fewer participants.

Another restriction to this probe is the figure of times that the experiment has been repeated. Due to the little figure of trial participants that were able to carry on this experiment a repetition of the experiment could non be done. This is because the more times that the experiment was repeated the better the trial participants became at memorizing the images and words that were presented to them. Henceforth a new group of trial participants were non available to this experiment because of age bound and the figure of people that were willing to carry on the experiment during their deferral.

Further INVESTIGATION

The drawn-out essay answered the research inquiry on whether ocular information is better remembered than audio information in males at the age of 17. However, some variables that can be brought up for farther probe are the factors that could hold affected the memory. Such factors include:

The sum of sleep necessary in order for the memory to be efficient.

The importance of breakfast on memory

The trial for sum of sleep necessary could be conducted in a wholly controlled environment where the trial participants would differ in the figure of hours of slumber that they receive.

The trial on the importance of breakfast could be conducted by trial how holding breakfast can or can non increase your memory capacity. Certain trial participants would be given a healthy alimentary breakfast where as other participants would n’t eat any breakfast.

Another facet of this probe that is deserving proving is how ocular memory and audio memory differs between males and females of the same age. In order to carry on this probe, the same process will be used except the experiment will be conducted utilizing the same figure of males and females.

Another facet of this probe that is deserving proving is whether the clip intervals could impact the ocular and the audio memory. for illustration would a clip interval of one minute per word or image in the ocular and the audio experiment be more effectual than a clip interval of three seconds per image or word in the ocular and the audio experiment. To prove this, different clip intervals would be used in the experiment such as a three-second interval, one-minute interval and a five-minute interval. The dependability of the informations can be increased by carry oning the experiment with more participants and by reiterating the experiment at least 3 times.

Appendix

Appendix 1: Images used in ocular experiment Pre-test

Appendix 2: Wordss used in the audio experiment Pre-test

Telephone

Cow

Stapler

Sock

Bottle

Paper

Plant

Glass

Home plate

Radio

File

Dog

Window

Car

Ashcan

Appendix 3: Images used in the ocular experiment

Appendix 4: words used in the Audio experiment trial

Ball

Candle

Ruler

Whistle

Pot

Pillow

Basket

Soap

Car

Sharpener

Blanket

Flag

Wood

Fan

Bed

Appendix 5:

Questionnaire

Purpose: this is a questionnaire designed based on an experiment about the differences in memory capacity between ocular and audio memory. The consequences of this questionnaire will be wholly confidential unless informed so. One this questionnaire has been completed you may be asked to be a voluntary depending on a few results from the questionnaire.

Name: … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .

Date OF BIRTH: … … … / … … … … … / … … … … .

Age: … … … … … … … … … … … .

ON AVERAGE HOW Many HOURS OF SLEEP DO YOU Get A DAY?

( PLEASE TICK THE BOXES )

5 a-?

6 a-?

7 a-?

8 a-?

9 a-?

10 a-?

DO YOU NORMALY EAT BREAKFAST?

( PLEASE TICK THE BOXES )

YES a-?

NO a-?

IF SO WHAT WOULD YOU NORMALY EAT?

aˆ¦ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..

Once this questionnaire has been completed, delight return it Kyle Noronha before the terminal of the twenty-four hours.

If you are asked to take portion in the experiment, kindly come to room 2 to take portion in a memory trial at 10:20 ( break clip ) and kindly convey a pen.

Mentions

Partss of the encephalon. Available at:

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brainhealthandpuzzles.com/brain_parts_function.html

The temporal lobe. Available at:

hypertext transfer protocol: //serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/Structure1.html

The audio memory. Available at: www.brainrehab.org/NeuropsychTerms.html

The Ocular Memory. Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_memory

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