Griswold explored the construct of “culture” through two different positions. viz. through the humanistic disciplines and anthropology’s point of view. With mention to different philosopher’s reading of “culture” . Griswold defines civilization loosely as “a complex whole” . including everything in a societal universe. Since civilization and societal universe are related ; to accomplish a Fuller apprehension of “culture” . we have to analyze the connexion between them. and how the two come together. The conceptual tool she uses to look into the connexions between civilizations and societies are the “cultural object” . and the “cultural diamond” . Cultural objects are given significances shared by members of the civilization. and it is through those significances that those objects are linked to the societal universes. Therefore. we need to decode how the significances came by- Griswold introduces and compares different versions of contemplation theory in functionalism. Marxism and Weberian Sociology. whereby civilization is seen as a contemplation of societal life. or frailty versa.
The mirror theory is based on the premise that civilization is the mirror of societal world. reflecting the societal universe. This is an thought cardinal to the functionalist and Marxist reflective theory ; nevertheless. she points out that while they portion the same contemplation theoretical account. the kernel of the two is antonyms. Under Marx’s position. everything. even human consciousness. starts from and has the history as a merchandise of human labour ( homo faber ) . Culture is a construct mostly based on the stuff forces of production and economic foundation of a society. This “historical materialism” . and the production dealingss of society is the true root of civilization. hence. it is the societal being that determines men’s being.
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However. for Functionalism. civilization is based on common mutuality of one another to run into the demands of a society. Every constituent in a society is brooding of others. There are no category struggles. as opposed to Marxist theory. As for Weber’s position of the mirror theory. Weber takes into history that the civilization and society relationship is two- manner: societal actions reflects cultural significances. He argues that while stuff involvements are still being pursued. the manner work forces pursued their involvements shows cultural causes in his celebrated “switchman metaphor” .
The above modern sociological theories illustrates now civilization is related. in many different ways. to the societal universe. Modern music is an illustration exemplifying how social actions reflects our altering culture- music has ever been a vehicle by which we express our values. In recent old ages. wordss incorporating profanity or vulgar linguistic communication are so common and are really popular among childs. It reflects that our civilization has became more vocal and less censorious. Conservatism is no longer something valued. Take another example- adult females these yearss are obsessed with slimming as thin is now normally regarded as beautiful. Women would travel at great lengths to accomplish their ideal organic structure form. merely to conform to societal force per unit areas. This is an illustration demoing how societal phenomena can reflect civilization. even though this civilization is non needfully good to the society.
Bibliography:
Griswold. Wendy. 2004. Cultures and Societies in a CHanging World. Calcium: Pine Froge Press. Choices.
