Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan For Bioterrorist attack in Nepal

Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan

For Bioterrorist onslaught in Nepal

Institute for Crisis Management Studies

Abbreviations/ Acronyms

CDRC: Cardinal Disaster Relief Committee

RDRC: Regional Disaster Relief Committee

DDRC: District Disaster Relief Committee

NEOC: National Emergency Operation Center

Table of Content

ContentPage Number

Introduction of Bioterrorism3

Aims of Emergency and Preparedness Plan for Bioterrorist attack4

Emergency Preparedness Plan4

Emergency Response Plan7

Standard Operating Procedure for Response Work8

Reference10

Introduction of Bioterrorism

Definition

Medicine.net has defined the biological terrorism as “a signifier of terrorist act where there is the knowing release of biological agents ( bacteriums, viruses, or other sources ) ” ( Medicinenet.com, 2014 ) . These all biological agents does non merely consequence to the human population, it may harm to animate beings, workss and birds. Biological agents can be transmitted through air, H2O or any other agencies like apparels, stuffs etc. It has little scale consequence to big scale consequence like of epidemic. Bioterrorism is done deliberately to give a sense to public that their authorities can non make anything to them.

History

Bioterrorism has a long history. It is non a new signifier of terrorist act. From ancient clip it used to be practiced by different groups to give menace to their enemy group. But In modern clip it has besides changed its promotion and utilizing it by different agencies. Texas section of wellness service has mentioned really long history since 600 BC Assyrians usage of rye ergot in to the enemy’s good to modern clip usage of Bacillus Anthracis to do Anthrax in USA in 2001.These are all mentionedunder that subject of history of biological terrorism ( Service, 2014 ) Between this period of 600 BC to 2001 AD many biological terrorism Acts of the Apostless has taken topographic point in the universe. Some of the well known onslaughts are in American Civil War, I World War and II universe War ( Service, 2014 ) . All these sort of biological terrorism killed many people and had high morbidity rate.

Agents of Bioterrorism

Center for Disease Control and Prevention has categorized agents of biological terrorism or biological agents into three classs. They are of ‘A’ , ‘B’ and ‘C’ . All these three classs have their ain degree of effects. Disease caused by ‘A’ agent has big consequence and high morbidity and mortality rate, agent ‘B’ has merely moderate consequence whereas agent ‘C’ has minor consequence in present but may do big consequence in future if non cover decently. ( Prevention, 2015 )

Aims of Emergency and Preparedness Plan for Bioterrorist onslaught

1. Give clear thought of hazard factors of biological terrorism
2. Guide every related bureau into right path of catastrophe direction while in bioterrorist onslaught.
3. Show clear liner of duties to every bureau related to disaster direction.
4. Making every bureau able to utilize this program for exigency readiness and response stage of bioterrorist onslaught.

Readiness

This is a phase in which every vulnerable population gets prepared to confront the catastrophe. They become ready to confront the result of catastrophe. This phase is for the minimisation of hazard of catastrophe, it is non for resist to catastrophe. It is besides a really long stage of catastrophe direction.

Emergency Preparedness Plan

Different bureaus are responsible for response work in their won field and they need to hold certain program to follow.

Government and International Agencies for readiness actions

Nepali Agency	Intel and Nepalese Agency to back up	Readiness plants
Cardinal Disaster Relief Committee	Government of Nepal	Making program and coordination with different bureaus and support.
Home Ministry	UNHCR	State Security and Public protection.
Health Ministry	WHO/Red Cross	Stocking of inoculation and medical specialties, designation of new diseases.
Education Ministry	UNICEF, Save the Children	Giving instruction and doing public aware.
Ministry of local development	UNDP	Making different response squads and other installations like transit.
Ministry of H2O and Sanitation	Different NGO’s INGO’s	Storage of safe imbibing H2O.
Ministry of Urban Dev.	UNDP	Develop every wellness, educational, security and other installations in urban country or metropoliss.
Ministry of Agriculture	WFP	Storage of nutrient and non nutrientpoints and regular supervising for safe nutrient storage.
Ministry of Information and Communication	WFP	Awareness to the populace and early warning system

Table 1: Governmental and International Agency for Preparedness Works

Different degree of Preparedness plants

Different Committees are formed in national, regional and territory degree. They work on their ain degree for readiness plants. National Emergency Operation Center lies at the centre point for information conveyance centre in catastrophe state of affairs and it works as a secretariat of CDRC.

Degree	Cardinal Degree	Regional Degree	District Level
Readiness Plants	Cardinal Disaster Relief Committee with National Emergency Operation Center works in cardinal degree. It acts as supreme Disaster Management Committee. Planning of different readiness plans. Coordination with different bureaus within Nepal and out from Nepal. Proposing and commanding to toss off line bureaus. Enrolling different staffs for catastrophe direction.	Regional Disaster Relief Committee works in regional degree. It is in-between degree Disaster Management Committee. Follow the order of CDRC and flow message from DDRC to CDRC. Make program for regional Disaster Management. Build Disaster Management Team in regional degree.	District Disaster Relief Committee works in territory degree. It is ground degree Disaster Management Committee. Follow order of RDRC and flow message to RDRC. Make different Disaster Preparedness Plan for territory. Build Disaster Management Team in territory degree. Study different menace degree in territory degree and build work force to protect those countries from menace.

Table 2: Different degree of Preparedness work for Bioterrorism onslaughts

Some Specific Preparedness Works

1. Supplying security and regular supervising to the country where biological agents of different disease can be made contaminated by terrorists.
2. Making public cognizant about the biological terrorism and their manner of action toward it.
3. Stocking of medical specialties and vaccinums in different territory degree and VDC degree.
4. Storage of nutrient and non nutrient points to administer while in catastrophe.
5. Regular supervising of the country where biological agents are formulated and examined.
6. Making information system really effectual and speedy, giving early warning system really fast.
7. Puting all the rescuing and transporting agencies ready to response.
8. Upgrading the capacity of infirmaries and giving them clear guideline for the ordinance in clip of crisis.
9. Establishing Emergency Preparedness centre
10. Set up of Standard Operating Procedure.

Response

Response is the stage right after catastrophe work stoppage. This stage is really much of import stage non to allow catastrophe go on more severely. Response stage is really much pressurized because catastrophe work stoppages merely earlier. It is really much tough occupation to pull off this state of affairs really good. Many drawbacks may stay even it is good prepared before the catastrophe because psychological science and state of affairs before and after catastrophe is really much different. Searching and Rescuing people, supplying nutrient and H2O to victims, constructing impermanent shelters, supplying security to the population etc are carried out in response stage. In this stage good coordination between different bureaus are really much crucial. Well direction of resources is besides really critical.

Emergency Response Plan

Merely one bureau and individual can non execute response plants. Plan for Emergency Response is needed.

Different Agencies and their Response Plants

Nepali Agency	International Agency and Nepalese bureau in support	Response plants
Cardinal Disaster Relief Committee	Government of Nepal	Making different Response Plan and Coordinate with different bureaus and support.
Home Ministry	UNHCR	Operate security forces to supply security to population and supply protection of stuffs and goods.
Health Ministry	WHO	Provide wellness installations like, medical specialty, vaccinum etc.
Education Ministry	UNICEF, Save the Children	Supply instruction to the kids in such catastrophe state of affairs.
Ministry of H2O and Sanitation	Different NGO’s INGO’s	Provide safe imbibing H2O and healthful things.
Ministry of Agriculture	WFP	Provide safe and quality nutrient to eat.
Ministry of Information and Communication	WFP	Provide dependable information of catastrophe and state of affairs

Table 3: Different Agencies and their Response plants

Different degree Response plants

Assorted commissions are formed to work for response in catastrophe state of affairs. Central, regional and territory degree commissions are formed and they fulfill their won responsibilities. In response stage National Emergency Operation Center works as secretariat of CNDRC. NEOC becomes really active in response stage. There are three different commissions for response plants

1. Cardinal Disaster Relief Committee/National Emergency Management Center ; works in cardinal degree.
2. Regional Disaster Relief Committee/ Regional Emergency Management Center ; works in regional degree.
3. District Disaster Relief Committee/ District Emergency Management Center ; works in territory degree

Some Specific Response Works

1. Transporting ill people to infirmaries and wellness stations.
2. Supplying them free look into up and intervention.
3. Probe on the cause of catastrophe and happening out ways of control.
4. Information flow to public of cause of catastrophe and non to take those agencies of biological agents for catastrophe.
5. Supplying option prepared installations to population like H2O, nutrient etc.
6. Control of terrorist group by agencies of dialogue, defence etc.

Standard Operating Procedure for Response

Different assorted bureaus comes into function drama at the clip of response if bioterrorist onslaughts takes topographic point in Nepal and if it has big scale effects. At that state of affairs SOP is really important to steer all their work into guided signifier. Some of the points for Standard Operating Procedure are:

1. First respondent in bioterrorist onslaughts are locals who takes victims to infirmaries and wellness stations.
2. Nepal constabularies and wellness worker, locals, local NGOs, clubs plants as respondent first respondent.
3. Information goes from DDRC to RDRC to CDRC and NEOC. NEOC imparts information to every organisation and in catastrophe state of affairs NEOC works as secretariat of CDRC.
4. Nepal Government handles all the international bureaus and provides support.
5. If Nepal Government entirely can non fund so international support entreaty will be done.
6. All the bureaus related to catastrophe direction will be activated after catastrophe work stoppages for effectual response.
7. All bureaus work in their related field like Ministry of Health Acts of the Apostless as supreme histrion in clip of biological terrorism acts merely in wellness related issues.
8. All the related persons/responders to supply response service will hold to work with overload in catastrophe state of affairs.

Recovery

This is last stage of catastrophe direction. It is a really dearly-won and besides clip devouring stage of catastrophe direction. It is a stage returning catastrophe state of affairs into standardization. Different country may hold got affected ; different people may hold loosed everything, Different people may hold lost their all household members. So all these population who have got long term catastrophe effects will be given chances to acquire back into normal life prolonging state of affairs

Different Recovery Works in chemical catastrophe

1. Treatment of long term affected ill individual.
2. Decontamination of the biological agents.
3. Standardization of state of affairs.

Mention

Medicinenet.com. ( 2014, 4 24 ) .Medicinenet.com. Retrieved 03 10, 2015, from Medicinenet.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/bioterrorism/article.htm

Prevention, C. f. ( 2015, 2 6 ) .Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 03 10, 2015, from emergency.cdc.gov: hypertext transfer protocol: //emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp

Service, T. d. ( 2014, 08 28 ) .Texas section of wellness Service. Retrieved 03 10, 2015, from dshs.state.tx.us: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history.shtm

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